PD-L1 Expression
The triple combination of anti-VEGF, anti-PD-1, and chemotherapy is hypothesised to be particularly beneficial in PD-L1-low or PD-L1-negative patients through augmentation of the tumour immune microenvironment. A retrospective series of 28…
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The triple combination of anti-VEGF, anti-PD-1, and chemotherapy is hypothesised to be particularly beneficial in PD-L1-low or PD-L1-negative patients through augmentation of the tumour immune microenvironment. A retrospective series of 283 gastric cancer patients found PD-L1 positivity in only 15.5% of cases. The absence of PD-L1 biomarker stratification in the trial design is identified as a potential source of confounding by unmeasured variables. Patients with low or absent PD-L1 expression receive inconsistent survival benefit from anti-PD-1 combined with chemotherapy and constitute the majority of the gastric cancer population.