Polyphenols and NAD

Polyphenols can support fasting benefits when used appropriately without meaningfully activating insulin or protein digestion. Fasting can increase NAD+ levels by about 30 percent through NAMPT upregulation. Gut bacteria can convert ellagic acid and ellagitannins into urolithin A, which is associated with mitophagy benefits. Rectal transmucosal delivery is discussed as a way to improve absorption of compounds such as fisetin and nicotinamide riboside. The article cautions against applying suppository delivery indiscriminately to supplements or pharmaceuticals. Pomegranate peel is emphasized because most pomegranate polyphenols are in the peel. Coffee before a fasted workout is recommended because it contains polyphenols and can suppress mTOR.