Post-reproductive Lifespan
Post-reproductive representation was used as the robust measure of extensive PRLS because post-reproduction time can be distorted by a few unusually long-lived individuals. Only the LTr+GM and LTs+GM strategy combinations produced unambigu…
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Post-reproductive representation was used as the robust measure of extensive PRLS because post-reproduction time can be distorted by a few unusually long-lived individuals. Only the LTr+GM and LTs+GM strategy combinations produced unambiguous extensive post-reproductive lifespan in the simulations. Extensive PRLS is favored when late-life individuals continue contributing to descendants after direct reproduction ends. Extensive post-reproductive lifespan is rare and is observed prominently in humans and resident killer whales.