Postoperative Pain Management

Rescue analgesia is triggered when the numerical rating scale pain score exceeds 3 in the post-anaesthesia care unit or postoperatively. Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia contains sufentanil 3 micrograms/kg with a 2 mL self-controlled bolus, no background infusion, and a 15-minute lockout. Flurbiprofen axetil is used as rescue analgesia and can cross the blood-brain barrier to help prevent central sensitisation. Ultrasound-guided nerve block may produce rebound pain. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia can cause opioid-related adverse reactions. Epidural block may be associated with complications such as hypotension and nerve damage.