Pressure Injury Risk Factors

Systematic reviews have grouped pressure injury risks into domains including mobility, perfusion, skin status, nutrition, age, haematology, skin moisture, and overall health. Pressure injuries develop when prolonged pressure affects skin and underlying tissues, commonly over bony prominences. Pressure injuries can also result from shear, friction, moisture, microclimate changes, trauma, oedema, infection, and medical device use. Intrinsic risk factors include age, nutrition, illness, immobility, immune function, tissue hypoxia, diabetes, haemoglobin, and comorbidities. Extrinsic and care-related risk factors include pressure, friction, shear, moisture, positioning, devices, bed configuration, nursing quality, staffing, and clinical decision-making.