Primary Healthcare

Many leading PPH conditions can be prevented or managed through stronger primary healthcare. Strengthening primary healthcare could reduce geographic variation in PPH and improve JKN resource efficiency. Development and adoption of primary healthcare initiatives may support clinical decision-making and broader implementation of effective strategies. Primary healthcare was the second most commonly reported area of disruption. Primary care and allied health flood impacts are major evidence gaps despite widespread provider damage after the 2022 Northern Rivers floods. Primary healthcare medication disruption was linked to damaged facilities, outages, inaccessible records, staff shortages, and supply chain disruption. PPH should be used cautiously as a PHC quality indicator in areas with limited hospital access. Medication access was the main primary healthcare problem described across source types. Primary healthcare is presented as a key setting for improving prevention, early detection, and management of penile and testicular cancer. Indonesia's primary healthcare facilities provide outpatient care, basic short-stay inpatient services, health promotion, disease prevention, and gate…