Programme Costs

Programme cost per call was calculated by dividing total NORS programme costs by substance-use calls. The analysis used 2024 Canadian dollars and adopted a health-sector perspective. The model included inpatient, emergency, pharmacy, outpatient, naloxone, ambulance, hospitalisation, autopsy, and funeral costs. Excluding economies of scale likely made the analysis conservative because per-call costs had already declined since launch. Health Canada provided C$1,592,000 over two years for NORS establishment and operation.