Psychological Dependence
Students experienced conflict between rational awareness of overuse and emotional dependence on the internet. Smartphones served as psychological anchors that gave students reassurance and safety. The study connects students' offline anxie…
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Students experienced conflict between rational awareness of overuse and emotional dependence on the internet. Smartphones served as psychological anchors that gave students reassurance and safety. The study connects students' offline anxiety and checking behaviours to fear of missing out, cravings, and nomophobia. Some students feared missing social information if they deleted Instagram or reduced access.