Psychological Outcomes

The study aims to reduce anxiety, depression, and perceived distress while improving quality of life for early-stage breast cancer patients. Participants reported a reliable state of ease and calm following each practice session. Participants described harmonica playing as an effective coping mechanism against stress, fear, and illness-related anxiety. Harmonica playing provided dual psychological benefit: passive relaxation through music and active distraction from dyspnoea-related distress. The intervention is expected to produce lower anxiety, depression, and psychological distress due to the decision aid's informational content. Anxiety, depression, and psychological distress are expected to decrease more rapidly in the intervention group than in the control group across the three assessment periods. The review treats symptom reduction or reduced distress as movement towards health on a mental health continuum, consistent with the salutogenic approach. Breast cancer-specific quality of life will be assessed using the EORTC QLQ-BR23, which covers body image, sexual functioning, systemic therapy side effects, breast symptoms, and arm symptoms. Depression, anxiety, psychological…