Pulmonary Surgery
The study excludes elderly patients and does not compare multiple intrathecal morphine doses, so the optimal dose cannot be determined from this trial. Acute postoperative pain after pulmonary surgery can restrict deep breathing and coughi…
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The study excludes elderly patients and does not compare multiple intrathecal morphine doses, so the optimal dose cannot be determined from this trial. Acute postoperative pain after pulmonary surgery can restrict deep breathing and coughing, reducing sputum clearance and delaying recovery. Poor early pain control after pulmonary surgery may increase the risk of chronic postoperative pain. The trial targets patients aged 18 to 65 years with ASA physical status I to III and BMI 18.5 to 30 kg/m² scheduled for elective pulmonary surgery with a planned hospital stay of at least 48 hours.