Recurrence and Complexity Measures

Sample entropy and Higuchi fractal dimension performed poorly compared with entropy biomarkers. Recurrence rate captured some useful repeated-state structure but remained below Shannon entropy. Sample entropy and Higuchi fractal dimension…

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Sample entropy and Higuchi fractal dimension performed poorly compared with entropy biomarkers. Recurrence rate captured some useful repeated-state structure but remained below Shannon entropy. Sample entropy and Higuchi fractal dimension were tested as classical nonlinear complexity measures. Recurrence quantification analysis used normalized trajectories and a recurrence matrix based on a distance threshold.