Research Evidence

The study found equivalent hypertrophy but greater strength gains in the non-failure group. One well-designed study compared training to failure with staying several reps short of failure. The final review included 75 studies after screening and excluding reviews or protocols. The review did not conduct a formal quality appraisal or risk-of-bias assessment, consistent with scoping review methodology. Cost-effectiveness evidence is needed to determine whether peer-led programmes can be financially scaled in resource-limited settings. Grey literature was not systematically searched, which may have underrepresented implementation-focused and community-based interventions. The review's restriction to English-language peer-reviewed publications may have excluded relevant studies from Francophone and Lusophone SSA countries. The research comparisons accounted for total work performed. Long-term sustainability remains unclear because evidence is limited on whether peer networks maintain engagement over time after structured support ends. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions on training to failure have produced consistent findings.