Residence

Urban residents had higher odds of HIV/AIDS awareness than nomadic women. Urban residence was associated with lower odds of complete measles vaccination in the final model. The urban disadvantage contrasted with older evidence but aligned with newer analyses suggesting stronger rural routine vaccination performance. Place of residence was not significantly associated with vaccination coverage in bivariate analysis. The smaller urban subsample may have inflated measured urban non-uptake by over-representing underserved adolescents. Urban populations are more exposed to social media misinformation without enough counter-messaging. Adolescents in informal settlements face weak infrastructure, inconsistent service delivery, and high mobility. Rural Bangladesh may benefit from community clinics, EPI activities, primary healthcare, and home visits. The article suggests urban residence may increase awareness through better healthcare access and more contact with health professionals. The survey sampling covered urban, rural, and nomadic communities. Rural and nomadic populations face fewer opportunities for HIV testing and counselling. Rural residents often have less access to healthcare…