Retinal Vascular Phenotyping

Measured features included vascular branching, density, vessel diameters, arteriovenous ratio, tortuosity, curvature and optic disc measurements. The automated system segmented retinal structures and distinguished arteries from veins using computer vision and deep learning. Retinal and coronary vessels share anatomical and physiological similarities and are influenced by common vascular injury pathways. Retinal morphology was quantified using the EVisionAI fundus image analysis system. The study evaluated colour fundus photography as a lower-burden alternative that could reflect systemic vascular health.