Risk of Bias and Evidence Certainty

MMAT is selected because it can assess qualitative, randomised, non-randomised, quantitative descriptive, and mixed-methods studies. The Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool will be applied at the outcome level by two independent reviewers. GRADE will assess certainty across risk of bias, consistency, directness, precision, and publication bias. Certainty of evidence will be assessed using GRADE. GRADE assessment will consider risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias. Risk of bias will be assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. All but two of the eleven included studies were rated at serious risk of bias. GRADE certainty will be classified as high, moderate, low, or very low. Evidence quality will be rated as high, moderate, low, or very low. Non-randomized studies will be assessed with ROBINS-I. RoB 2 bias domains include randomisation, deviations from intended interventions, missing outcome data, outcome measurement, and selection of the reported result. Overall certainty of evidence will be assessed using GRADE. Methodological quality will be assessed using the Drummond Checklist. Randomized controlled trials will be assessed with the C…