SIBO and Endotoxemia

Lipopolysaccharide endotoxin is a key toxic compound released by dying gram-negative microbes in the small intestine. SIBO is an overgrowth of gram-negative Proteobacteria — including E. coli, Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas — that normally belong in the colon but have ascended into the small intestine. The liver receives the greatest initial burden from intestinal endotoxin because the gastrointestinal tract drains via the portal vein directly to the liver. High small dense LDL is linked to likely small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.