Socioeconomic Status

Wealth had the largest positive association with self-rated health among the variables studied. Food-secure pregnant women were 4.48 times more likely to achieve optimal dietary practice compared to food-insecure women. Insurance coverage was a significant positive predictor of self-rated health, likely through reduced medical costs and improved continuity of care. Lower-income ZIP code quartiles were more prevalent among patients with CLD than among those without CLD. Wound prevalence was highest in the second most disadvantaged quintile and lowest in the least disadvantaged quintile. Higher DCI was associated with lower adjusted odds of receiving multiarterial grafting. The socioeconomic gradient was present for both acute and chronic wounds. Patients from the highest DCI quartile had lower unadjusted multiarterial grafting rates than patients from the lowest DCI quartile. Higher area-level poverty was concentrated among groups with worse kidney outcomes. The findings contradicted the expectation that poorer children would have higher mortality rates. The researcher initially expected wealthier children to have better health outcomes because of presumed superior nutrition. In th…