Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis occurs when a vertebra in the lower back overlaps the one below it, most commonly with L5 slipping forward over the sacrum. The condition is caused by a fracture — either old or recent — that breaks off the posterior portion of the vertebra, enabling it to slide anteriorly. Forward vertebral displacement forces the spinal cord to bend at the affected level. Lumbar flexion is the corrective movement direction, drawing the slipped vertebra posteriorly back toward its correct position. Spinal extension exercises are contraindicated because they push the displaced vertebra further forward. Symptoms of spondylolisthesis include dull aching low back pain, radiating leg pain, bowel problems, and general neurological compromise.