Study Interventions

A study intervention confers participant status on healthcare providers when it is evaluated for the study objective and delivered to or targeted at providers. The only group difference is the medication configuration prepared by a recovery-room nurse not involved in assessment or follow-up. Knowledge translation interventions can confer participant status on providers without necessarily making patients participants by intervention. Professional-level interventions are delivered to healthcare providers to produce effects on patients. Rescue analgesia is pethidine 50 mg when postoperative NRS pain exceeds 3 or the participant requests additional analgesia. Supplement evidence is uneven because of uncertainty about dose, quality, contamination, and standardization. The psychiatric role of NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors remains unresolved because evidence is limited by poor inflammatory stratification. Fish oil has stronger data than many supplements but remains an active area of investigation using purified standardized products. Behaviour change strategies may include nutrition education, goal setting, self-monitoring, feedback and support. Vagus nerve stimulation is presented as a p…