Surveillance and Registries

FCVs had weaker surveillance infrastructure. Most countries had some diabetes-related data collection, but systems were often incomplete, uneven, or not nationally representative. Recommended surveillance improvements included regular population-based surveys, electronic health information systems, interoperability, and stronger diabetes registries. Limited national population-based registries constrain tracking of diabetes burden, outcomes, complications, and equity gaps over time. Eighteen countries collected national-level data on raised blood glucose. Surveillance is needed for planning, monitoring, resource allocation, and improving care quality.