Survey Design

The student target is approximately 1,200 responses nationally, with at least 10 responses per school required for school-level comparisons. The survey collected online cross-sectional data from 12 April to 27 September 2024. The study used a cross-sectional online survey conducted in Quebec from February 16 to March 15, 2021. Eligible participants were French-speaking adults in Quebec who had gambled at least once in the preceding 12 months. The final analytic sample included 973 participants after exclusions from an initial dataset of 1,654 participants. The questionnaire covered demographics and pandemic changes, perceived COVID-19 impacts, gambling habits and impacts, and physical and mental health. The statistical analysis used R version 4.4.1. The questionnaire collected respondent characteristics, use-case scores, and preferences for generic versus specific aetiology results. Respondents considered host biomarker-based multi-aetiology tests without receiving detailed technical characteristics or costs. The target population was doctors working in European hospitals who were involved in acute assessment and diagnosis of patients. A voluntary, non-coercive raffle worth £500 t…