Survival

Cumulative survival at 50 years was 87% and was not significantly different from the age-matched general Dutch population. Excluding early postoperative deaths increased cumulative survival to 90%. Neither mobility-dominant nor stability-dominant movement strategies are inherently pathological. The body organizes musculoskeletal, neurological, visceral, and cardiovascular systems around survival and meeting internal and external demands. The nervous system selects motor strategies based on survival demands in an individual's context. Internal organ forces are presented as contributors to posture and movement preferences. Hypertension may be interpreted as an adaptive upward shift in resting blood pressure for chronic stress or high-load living. No deaths in the final 10 years of follow-up had a cardiovascular cause. Late mortality was mostly non-cardiac or of unknown cause.