Survival and Toxicity Outcomes

In-hospital mortality odds were substantially lower when pericardial disease was the primary diagnosis rather than secondary. Early EAA inhibitors were not associated with reduced mortality. Higher SBP-TTR categories were associated with progressively lower mortality risk compared with 0% SBP-TTR. Advanced ICU support, especially ECMO, can lower mortality. Prior HFrEF studies frequently used composite endpoints combining death and heart failure hospitalisation, making it difficult to isolate the specific association with mortality. In the Carluccio reference study, 52% of composite events were heart failure hospitalisations and only 47% were deaths, illustrating the difficulty of inferring mortality-specific associations from composite endpoints. This study had greater statistical power than previous LA strain studies in HFrEF because it focused solely on mortality in a larger, completely followed cohort. Participants who died had higher SBP levels throughout the exposure period than those who survived. The study's 3-year survival rate was similar to reports from other low- and middle-income countries but far below outcomes in high-income countries. All-cause mortality was a secon…