Symptom Assessment and Management

The IPOS-Renal covers 17 symptoms across five domains plus items on information needs, healthcare satisfaction, and practical issues, and is widely used internationally with demonstrated reliability and validity. Symptom assessment is the crucial first step enabling patient involvement in care, early detection of health problems, and timely management. Symptom management is described as a dynamic process in which patients engage in health-promoting behaviours, self-monitor, and participate in care decisions. The SAM-CKD Symptom Tracker enables self-assessment of 17 symptoms drawn from the IPOS-Renal, each rated on a five-level severity scale.