Systems Pharmacology

Pharmaceutical companies systematically exclude natural molecules from development pipelines because they cannot be patented, regardless of efficacy data. Conventional pharmaceutical development using a single-target model achieves a hit rate below 0.01% and requires 10–15 years from discovery to market. Nuchido applied systems pharmacology to aging after biogerontologist Aubrey de Grey identified aging as the most biologically complex phenomenon under study. Systems pharmacology, developed around 2015, maps entire biological networks simultaneously rather than isolating a single target. Systems pharmacology rejects single-target approaches as scientifically implausible because blocking one node in a complex redundant network cannot produce stable intervention.