TEAS Mechanisms

TEAS differs from conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation by stimulating predefined acupuncture points instead of symptomatic areas. Evidence specific to UBE remains limited. Prior studies cited by the protocol report perioperative TEAS reductions in postoperative pain and PONV in several surgical fields. The protocol proposes that TEAS modulates peripheral and central pathways involved in pain and recovery. TEAS may regulate autonomic balance by increasing parasympathetic activity and suppressing excessive sympathetic responses. PC6 and SP6 stimulation may activate endogenous opioid and descending inhibitory pathways that release beta-endorphins and enkephalins.