Tic Disorder Assessment and Treatment

Primary care physicians were found to have strong professional inertia toward prescribing medication for vertigo. Guidelines discourage vestibular sedatives such as betahistine for BPPV. Pharmacological treatment may relieve symptoms briefly but interferes with vestibular compensation. Avoiding initial betahistine prescription is recommended to prevent dependency and maintain manoeuvre-based care as an option. Habit Reversal Therapy, Comprehensive Behavioural Intervention for Tics, and Exposure and Response Prevention are first-line or early-stage interventions. Psychoeducation is presented as a fundamental early component of tic management for patients, families, and educators. Pharmacological treatment is supported when behavioural approaches are ineffective or not feasible for all children and young people.