Time Coupling

The pattern of underusing the Time coupling has also been observed in FRAM studies outside healthcare. The Time coupling was the least-used coupling type in both foreground and background functions, despite time pressure being identified a…

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The pattern of underusing the Time coupling has also been observed in FRAM studies outside healthcare. The Time coupling was the least-used coupling type in both foreground and background functions, despite time pressure being identified as a critical process factor across multiple studies. Whether the Time coupling provides added analytical value or should be reconceptualised warrants further investigation. Conceptual ambiguity about whether the Time coupling represents duration, a functional precondition, or progressing time may explain its systematic underuse.