Transformational Leadership

Transformational leadership was the most studied and beneficial leadership style in facility-based emergency care. Transformational and coaching leadership by prehospital managers correlated with higher job satisfaction and team engagement in Brazil and Iran. Transformational leadership and emotional intelligence were associated with better workplace culture, retention, engagement, and safer patient-centred emergency care, but the outcome link was partly extrapolated. Toxic leadership reduced work satisfaction, while positive safety culture increased emergency department nurses' engagement and likelihood of addressing errors.