Translation and Cultural Adaptation

fruehstArt's Turkish adaptation distinguishes it from other multilingual health promotion projects that translate materials without tailoring the intervention itself. The pre-survey found that the final questionnaire was completed in 10 to 20 minutes and required no modification. Randomisation is stratified by language (German/Turkish) to ensure balanced representation across trial arms. Neighbourhood mothers — trained women with relevant cultural backgrounds embedded in local communities — facilitate coach access to Turkish-speaking families. The translation followed Brislin's Translation Model and cross-cultural adaptation guidelines. The adaptation process included independent translation, reconciliation, back-translation, author feedback, expert review, and pre-survey testing. Permission for translation was obtained from the original developer. The entire fruehstArt programme is offered in Turkish in addition to German to specifically reach families with migration backgrounds and language barriers.