Transparency Monitoring

Programmatic access to aggregated registry data supports automated and regularly updated monitoring workflows. WHO guidance on minimum results elements and harmonised reporting standards aims to address heterogeneous results formats. Cross-registration can cause double-counting because registry entries can exceed the number of unique trials. Poorly linked or inconsistent cross-registrations can mislead assessments of registration and results reporting. Registry-based transparency assessments in Germany can be materially wrong if cross-registrations are not identified and reconciled.