Universal Trial Design

Thirty-eight documents emphasized embedding universal design principles across all clinical trial stages. Anti-ableist and equity-focused frameworks were highlighted by eleven sources as tools for reducing systemic exclusion in trial design. Disability-inclusive trial design requires proactive budgeting with dedicated line items for accommodations, including interpreting services, extended assessment time, and longer study visits. Co-design and collaboration with people with disabilities during protocol development was consistently recommended across included sources. Eligibility criteria must be defined using standardized, valid assessments and must not exclude participants by default due to disability status.