Uric Acid Kidney Stones

Uric acid stones form preferentially in acidic urine due to a pH-dependent crystallization mechanism. Uric acid crystallizes more readily in acidic urine, making urinary pH a key factor in stone formation. Excess protein intake contributes to uric acid load and increases the risk of uric acid stone formation. Uric acid stones are more likely to form in people following a ketogenic diet, particularly when consuming large amounts of protein. Diabetics on high-carbohydrate diets have a significantly elevated risk for uric acid stones and other stone types. People on a ketogenic diet who may form uric acid stones should also limit high-oxalate foods in addition to moderating protein. Uric acid stones are more common on a ketogenic diet due to elevated uric acid from carbohydrate restriction. Uric acid stones are more common on a ketogenic diet due to slight increases in uric acid levels. Lemon juice, potassium citrate, and non-starchy vegetables all help raise urinary pH and reduce uric acid stone risk.